![]() ![]() Such studies and many other examples have substantially contributed to the prediction of the lifetime of rails and wheels and to optimization of maintenance strategies by avoiding or delaying RCF.Īlthough detailed models of the wheel–rail contact and damages, as well as vehicle–track interaction have been developed, further field characterization and experimental verifications are needed to better understand the root causes of the RCF. ![]() In the past few decades, researchers have attempted to identify the physical mechanisms involved in RCF of rails and wheels and proposed diverse models to predict their fatigue life see e.g. ![]() Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) is an important degradation source of the wheel and rail materials in the railway industry. Railways and especially high-speed trains are popular transportation modes due to being sustainable, economical and environmentally friendly. This paper further presents the results of some real experiments carried out using the newly-built setup to support substantial ideas behind its development. The new test rig is a unique experimental setup due to the involvement of high-frequency dynamic vibrations in the wheel-track system and analogy of the incorporated elements and loading to those of the real-life system. A downscale test rig, consisting of multiple wheel components running over a horizontal rail track ring, effectively fulfilled the requirements needed for analogical testing of the wheel-rail contact behaviour. Afterwards, three potential alternatives are identified under the chosen category and the optimum mechanism is achieved through finite element modelling and analysis of the structures. Based on this survey, the category of the scaled wheel on the rail track ring is chosen. The paper first reviews the functionalities of the existing test techniques in the literature. The new test rig intends to remedy the lack of dynamic similarity between the actual railway and the existing laboratory testing capability, by taking into account the factors that contribute to high-frequency dynamics of the wheel-track system. This paper presents the development process of the setup, including review and synthesis of the potential experimental techniques, followed by scalability, mechanical and operational analysis of the new setup. This way, you can increase the amount of power you generate throughout the year.įor most solar projects, the railed mounting system is an excellent choice as it provides a sturdy foundation for your solar panels.A new downscale test rig is developed for investigating the contact between the wheel and rail under impact-like loading conditions. If you choose a rail system with a tilting bracket, you can easily adjust the angle of your solar panel to accommodate for seasonal changes in sunlight. If you notice a leak in your roof, having the solar panel attached to a railed system will allow you to access the roof without any difficulties. The rail system elevates the solar panel above the roof, leaving clearance for roof maintenance and snow removal. A set of aluminum crossbars to hold your solar panels in place.Īlthough the rails are often made of aluminum, they can also be made of stainless steel or galvanized metal depending on the manufacturer and the specific system.The mounting structure which holds onto your roof's tiles, and.The rails are usually attached to the roof using screws or bolts that need to be drilled into the structure of your home. However, this is not all that a railed system offers. The rails also provide an opportunity to add future modules when your energy needs increase in the future. The goal of the rail is to allow you to install, adjust or remove solar panels easily, without damaging your roof. With these systems, solar panels are mounted to the roof with metal rails and can be adjusted for different slopes in your roof. The rails serve as a guide for the solar panel and reduce the amount of drilling that is otherwise required. Railed mounting systemsĪ railed mounting system as its name suggests is a system that has rails that are mounted on the roof. It's important to weigh all of the factors and decide which one you think will work out the best. However, what your installer recommends may not be the system that is best for your solar project. In most cases, they will likely recommend the system that they are most familiar with. Most solar installers will have their preferences when it comes to railed and rail-less mounting systems. The type of roof (flat or pitched roof),.Roof material (tile, metal/composite shingles),. ![]()
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